Ezimbonini zokukhiqiza ezifana nezimoto, izinto zikagesi zabathengi, i-aerospace, nezinsimbi, ukudweba akukhona nje ukunikeza imikhiqizo ukubukeka okukhangayo kodwa futhi kumayelana nokunikeza isivikelo esibalulekile ekonakalini nasekugugekeni. Izinga lokumboza lincike kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwendawo yokufafaza. Ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane zothuli zingabangela ukonakala kwendawo njengezinduna noma ama-crater, okuholela ekusebenzeni kabusha noma ngisho nokulahlwa kwezingxenye—okwenyusa kakhulu izindleko kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ukufeza nokugcina indawo yokufafaza engenazo izintuli ezinzile kuwumgomo oyinhloko ekwakhiweni komugqa kapende wesimanje. Lokhu akukwazi ukufezwa ngocezu olulodwa lwemishini; kunalokho, iwuhlelo oluphelele lobunjiniyela oluhlanzekile oluhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwendawo, ukuphatha komoya, ukuphathwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokulawulwa kwabasebenzi nokugeleza kwempahla.
I. Ukuhlukaniswa Okungokomzimba kanye Nesakhiwo Sendawo: Uhlaka Lwendawo Ehlanzekile
Isimiso esiyinhloko sendawo engenalo uthuli “ukuhlukaniswa”—ukuhlukanisa ngokuqinile indawo yokufafaza ngaphandle nezinye izindawo ezikhiqiza uthuli.
Ukwakhiwa Kwedokodo Elizimele Elivaliwe Lokufutha:
Imisebenzi yokufafaza kufanele yenziwe ngaphakathi kwedokodo lokufutha eliklanywe ngokukhethekile. Izindonga zedokodo ngokuvamile zenziwa ngezinto ezibushelelezi, ezingenalo uthuli, nezihlanzeka kalula njengamapuleti ensimbi anombala, amashidi ensimbi engagqwali, noma amaphaneli e-fiberglass. Wonke amalunga kufanele avalwe kahle ukuze enze isikhala esingangeni moya, ukuvimbela ukungena okungalawuleki komoya ongcolile.
Ukuklama Okufanelekile Nokulawula Okuhlukile Kokucindezela:
Sonke isitolo sikapende kufanele sihlukaniswe ngezindawo zokuhlanzeka ezihlukene, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa:
Indawo ejwayelekile (isb, indawo yokulungiselela)
Indawo ehlanzekile (isb, indawo yokulinganisa)
Indawo engenazo izintuli (ngaphakathi kwedokodo lokufutha)
Lezi zindawo zixhunywe ngezihlambi zomoya, amabhokisi okudlula, noma amagumbi ebhafa.
Imfihlo Eyinhloko - Igreyidi Yokucindezela:
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqondiswa komoya okusebenzayo, kufanele kusungulwe i-gradient yengcindezi ezinzile:
Ingaphakathi ledokodo lokufutha > indawo yokulinganisa > indawo yokulungiselela > indawo yokusebenzela yangaphandle.
Ngokugcina umthamo womoya wokuhlinzekwa okuphezulu kunomthamo womoya obuyayo, indawo ehlanzekile igcinwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyakhayo. Ngakho, lapho iminyango ivuleka, umoya ohlanzekile ugeleza usuka ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophakeme uye ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophansi, uvimbele ngempumelelo umoya onothuli ukuba ugeleze uye emuva uye ezindaweni ezihlanzekile.
II. Inhlangano Yokuhlanzwa Komoya kanye Nokugeleza Komoya: Indlela Yokuphila Yenhlanzeko
Umoya ohlanzekile uwumthombo wokuphila wendawo engenazo izintuli, futhi ukwelashwa nokusabalalisa kwawo kunquma izinga lokuhlanzeka.
Isistimu Yokuhlunga Yezigaba Ezintathu:
Isihlungi Esiyinhloko: Siphatha umoya omusha nobuyisayo ongena kuyunithi yokubamba komoya, sibamba izinhlayiya ezingu-≥5μm ezifana nempova, uthuli, nezinambuzane, sivikela isihlungi esimaphakathi nezingxenye ze-HVAC.
Isihlungi Esimaphakathi: Ngokuvamile sifakwe ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokubamba komoya, sithatha izinhlayiya ezingu-1-5μm, sinciphise nakakhulu umthwalo kusihlungi sokugcina.
I-High-Efficiency (HEPA) noma I-Ultra-Low Penetration (ULPA) Isihlungi: Lesi isihluthulelo sokuzuza indawo engenazo izintuli. Ngaphambi kokuthi umoya ungene endaweni yokufutha, udlula ezihlungini ze-HEPA/ULPA ezitholakala phezulu kwedokodo. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwabo kufinyelela ku-99.99% (yezinhlayiya ezingu-0.3μm) noma ngaphezulu, kususwa ngempumelelo cishe lonke uthuli, amagciwane, nezinsalela zenkungu kapende ezithinta ikhwalithi yokumboza.
Inhlangano ye-Scientific Airflow:
Ukugeleza Kwe-Laminar Okume mpo (Ukunikezela Okuya Phansi Okunohlangothi noma Ukubuya Kwezansi):
Lena indlela ekahle nesetshenziswa kakhulu. Umoya ohlanzekile, ohlungwe ngezihlungi ze-HEPA/ULPA, ugeleza ngokulinganayo nangokuqondile kulo lonke idokodo lokufutha njengepiston. Ukugeleza komoya ngokushesha kuphusha inkungu kapende nothuli luye phansi, lapho luphela khona ngamagrile aphansi noma amapayipi abuyayo aseceleni eliphansi. Lokhu kugeleza kokuthutha "phezulu kuya phansi" kunciphisa ukufakwa kothuli ezintweni zokusebenza.
Ukugeleza kwe-Laminar Evundlile:
Isetshenziselwa izinqubo ezithile ezikhethekile, lapho umoya ohlanzekile unikezwa odongeni olulodwa futhi uphelelwe odongeni oluphambene. Ama-workpieces kumele abekwe phezulu nomfula ukuze kunqandwe ukuzenza ithunzi nokungcola.
Ukulawula Ukushisa Okuqhubekayo Nomswakama:
Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama endaweni yesifutho kubalulekile ukuze upende uhwamuke futhi ulinganise. Isistimu yokubamba komoya kufanele igcine izinga lokushisa (imvamisa engu-23±2°C) kanye nomswakama ohlobene (imvamisa u-60%±5%) ngokungaguquki. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokunameka futhi kuvimbela ukujiya noma ukunamathela kothuli okwenziwa i-static.
III. Ukwelashwa Kwenkungu Kapende kanye Nenhlanzeko Yangaphakathi: Ukuqeda Imithombo Yokungcoliswa Kwangaphakathi
Ngisho nalapho kunikezwa umoya ohlanzekile, inqubo yokufafaza ngokwayo ikhiqiza ukungcola okufanele kususwe ngokushesha.
Amasistimu Wokwelapha Inkungu Kapende:
Ikhethini Lamanzi/Isistimu ye-Vortex Yamanzi:
Ngesikhathi sokufafaza, inkungu yepende ye-overspray idonselwa engxenyeni engezansi yedokodo. Amanzi agelezayo akha ikhethini noma i-vortex ebamba futhi ihlanganise izinhlayiya zenkungu kapende, ezibe sezithwalwa wuhlelo lwamanzi ajikelezayo. Lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokuphatha inkungu kapende kodwa futhi luhlinzeka ngokuhlanzwa komoya kokuqala.
Uhlelo Lokuhlukanisa Inkungu Yohlobo Olulomile:
Indlela enobungani bemvelo esebenzisa impushana ye-limestone noma izihlungi zephepha ukuze kukhangiswe futhi kucushwe inkungu kapende. Inikeza ukumelana komoya okuzinzile, ayidingi amanzi noma amakhemikhali, kulula ukuyinakekela, futhi inikeza ukugeleza komoya okuzinzile—okukwenza kube ukukhetha okujwayelekile kwemigqa emisha yokukhiqiza.
IV. Ukuphathwa Kwabasebenzi, Izinto Zokusebenza, Nokulungiswa: Ukulawula Imithombo Yokungcoliswa Okunamandla
Abantu bayimithombo yokungcoliswa, futhi izinto ezingase zithwale uthuli.
Izinqubo eziqinile zabasebenzi:
Izingubo zokugqoka kanye ne-Air Shower:
Bonke abasebenzi abangena ezindaweni ezingenalo uthuli kufanele balandele izinqubo zokugqoka eziqinile—ukugqoka amasudi egumbi lokuhlanza umzimba wonke, amakepisi, imaski, amagilavu, nezicathulo ezizinikele. Bese bedlula egunjini leshawa yomoya, lapho umoya ohlanzekile wesivinini esikhulu ukhipha uthuli olunamathele emizimbeni yabo.
Imithetho yokuziphatha:
Ukugijima nokukhulumela phezulu kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ngaphakathi. Ukunyakaza kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi akukho zinto ezingadingekile okufanele zilethwe endaweni.
Ukuhlanzwa Kwempahla Nokudlulisa:
Zonke izingxenye ezizopendiwa kufanele zilungiswe kuqala endaweni yokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuba zingene edokodweni—ukuhlanza, ukwehlisa amafutha, i-phosphating, nokomiswa—ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezingaphezulu azinawo uwoyela, ukugqwala nothuli.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zidluliselwe ngamabhokisi okudlula akhethekile noma izihlambi zomoya ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kothuli lapho kuvulwa iminyango.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-Jig nokulungiswa:
Izinto ezisetshenziswa emugqeni kapende kufanele zenzelwe ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kothuli futhi zihlanzwe njalo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zingagugi, zingagqwali futhi zingachithi.
V. Ukuqapha Nokugcinwa Okuqhubekayo: Ukuqinisekisa Ukuzinza Kwesistimu
Indawo engenazo izintuli iwuhlelo oluguquguqukayo oludinga ukuqapha nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwayo.
Ukuqapha Kwepharamitha Yezemvelo:
Izibali zezinhlayiya kufanele zisetshenziswe njalo ukukala ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiyana ezihamba emoyeni kubo bonke osayizi abahlukahlukene, ukuqinisekisa isigaba sokuhlanzeka (isb., I-ISO Class 5). Izinzwa zezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nezingcindezi kufanele zinikeze ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nemisebenzi ye-alamu.
Uhlelo Lokugcina Lokuvikela:
Ukushintsha Isihlungi: Misa isimiso esivamile sokuhlanza/sokushintsha kwezihlungi eziyinhloko nezimaphakathi, bese ubuyisela izihlungi ezibizayo ze-HEPA ngokusekelwe ekufundweni komehluko wengcindezi noma ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe.
Ukuhlanza: Sebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza nsuku zonke, zamasonto onke, kanye nezinyanga zonke usebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanza azinikele ezindongeni, phansi, nasezindaweni zokusebenza.
Isiphetho:
Ukuzuza indawo yokufafaza engenalo uthuli emugqeni wokukhiqiza upende kuwumsebenzi wobuchwepheshe wemikhakha eyahlukene ohlanganisa izakhiwo, i-aerodynamics, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuphatha. Yakha uhlelo lokuvikela olunezinhlangothi eziningi—kusuka kumklamo wezinga elikhulu (ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba) kuya ekuhlanzeni kwezinga elincane (i-HEPA filtration), kusukela ekulawuleni okumile (ukuhluka kokucindezela) kuya ekulawuleni okuguquguqukayo (abasebenzi, izinto zokwakha, kanye nenkungu yangaphakathi kapende). Noma yikuphi ubudedengu kusixhumanisi esisodwa kungalulaza lonke uhlelo. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele asungule umqondo "wobunjiniyela besistimu ehlanzekile" futhi aqinisekise ukuklama ngokucophelela, ukwakhiwa okuqinile, nokugcinwa kwesayensi ukuze akhe indawo ezinzile futhi enokwethenjelwa yokufafaza engenazo izintuli-ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokunamathela engenasici, ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-03-2025
