1. Ukwakheka kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko zegesi engcolile yopende wokufutha
Inqubo yokupenda isetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini, ezimotweni, emishinini kagesi, ezintweni zasekhaya, emikhunjini, efenisha nakwezinye izimboni.
Upende wezinto zokusetshenziswa —— upende wakhiwe ngezinto ezingaguquki futhi eziguquguqukayo, ezingaguquki okuhlanganisa izinto zefilimu kanye nezinto zefilimu ezisizayo, i-ejenti yokuxuba eguquguqukayo isetshenziselwa ukuxuba upende, ukufeza injongo yobuso bopende obubushelelezi nobuhle.
Inqubo yokufafaza ngopende ikhiqiza kakhulu inkungu yopende kanye nokungcola kwegesi yemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo, upende ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela okuphezulu ube yizinhlayiya, lapho ufafaza, ingxenye yopende ayizange ifinyelele ebusweni besifutho, ukusabalala komoya ukuze kwakheke inkungu yopende; igesi yemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo evela ekuguqukeni kwe-diluent, i-solvent yezinto eziphilayo ayinamathele ebusweni bepende, inqubo yopende kanye nokwelapha izokhipha igesi yemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo (kubikwe amakhulu amakhemikhali emvelo aguquguqukayo, ngokulandelana angowe-alkane, ama-alkanes, ama-olefin, amakhemikhali anuka kamnandi, utshwala, i-aldehyde, ama-ketones, i-ester, i-ether, nezinye izinto).
2. Umthombo kanye nezici zegesi yokukhipha ugesi embozwe yimoto
Indawo yokusebenzela yokupenda izimoto kufanele iqhube ukwelashwa kopende ngaphambi kokupenda, i-electrophoresis kanye nopende wokufutha endaweni yokusebenza. Inqubo yokupenda ifaka phakathi ukupenda ngokufutha, ukugeleza kanye nokomisa, kulezi zinqubo kuzokhiqiza igesi engcolile yemvelo (ama-VOC) kanye nesifutho sokufutha, ngakho-ke lezi zinqubo zidinga ukwelashwa ngegesi engcolile yegumbi lokupenda.
(1) Igesi engcolile evela egumbini lokupenda elifafazwayo
Ukuze kulondolozwe indawo yokusebenza yokufutha, ngokwezinhlinzeko zoMthetho Wokuphepha Nempilo Yabasebenzi, umoya kufanele ushintshwe njalo egumbini lokufutha, futhi isivinini sokushintsha komoya kufanele silawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungu-(0.25~1) m/s. Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwegesi yokukhipha umoya yi-organic solvent yepende yokufutha, izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yi-aromatic hydrocarbons (i-benzene ezintathu kanye ne-non-methane total hydrocarbon), i-alcohol ether, i-ester organic solvent, ngoba ivolumu yokukhipha umoya yegumbi lokufutha inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuhlushwa okuphelele kwegesi yokulahla udoti ephilayo ekhishwayo kuphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile cishe ku-100 mg/m3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-exhaust yegumbi lokupenda ivame ukuqukatha inani elincane le-peanut fog engalashwanga ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi igumbi lokufutha le-peanut spray elomile, i-peanut fog ephumayo, ingaba yisithiyo ekwelashweni kwegesi yokulahla udoti, ukwelashwa kwegesi yokulahla udoti kumele kube ukwelashwa kwangaphambili.
(2) Igesi engcolile evela egumbini lokomisa
Upende wobuso ngemva kokufutha ngaphambi kokoma, umoya udinga ukugeleza, ifilimu yopende emanzi kufanele isetshenziswe njenge-organic solvent enqubweni yokomisa, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma kwengozi yokuqhuma kwe-organic solvent yangaphakathi, igumbi lomoya kufanele libe nomoya oqhubekayo, ukushintsha isivinini somoya ngokuvamile kulawula cishe u-0.2 m/s, ukwakheka kokukhipha umoya ophumayo kanye nokwakheka kokukhipha umoya ophumayo ekamelweni lokupenda, kodwa akuqukethe inkungu yopende, ukuhlushwa okuphelele kwegesi yemfucuza yemvelo kunegumbi lokufutha, ngokusho kwevolumu yokukhipha umoya, ngokuvamile egumbini lokufutha umoya ophumayo cishe izikhathi ezimbili, kungafinyelela ku-300 mg/m3, ngokuvamile kuxutshwe nokukhipha umoya ophumayo ekamelweni lokufutha ngemva kokwelashwa okuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi lokupenda, upende wobuso, ichibi lokujikeleza kwendle kufanele futhi likhiphe igesi yemfucuza efanayo yemvelo.
(3)Digesi yokukhipha ugesi
Ukwakheka kwegesi engcolile yokomisa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwe-solvent ephilayo, ingxenye ye-plasticizer noma i-resin monomer nezinye izingxenye eziguquguqukayo, kodwa futhi kuqukethe imikhiqizo yokubola kokushisa, imikhiqizo yokusabela. Ukomisa kwe-electrophoretic primer kanye ne-solvent type topcoat kunegesi yokukhipha umoya, kodwa ukwakheka kwayo kanye nomehluko wokuhlushwa kwayo mkhulu.
※Izingozi zegesi yokukhipha upende ofuthwayo:
Kuyaziwa kusukela ekuhlaziyweni ukuthi igesi engcolile evela egumbini lokufafaza, igumbi lokomisa, igumbi lokuxuba upende kanye negumbi lokwelapha indle yopende ongaphezulu liphansi kakhulu futhi ligeleza kakhulu, kanti izingxenye eziyinhloko zokungcola yi-aromatic hydrocarbons, i-alcohol ethers kanye ne-ester organic solvents. Ngokusho kwe-"Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollution", ukugcwala kwale gesi engcolile ngokuvamile kungaphakathi komkhawulo wokukhishwa. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwegesi kule nqubo, izimboni eziningi zezimoto zamukela indlela yokukhishwa kwegesi endaweni ephakeme. Nakuba le ndlela ingahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanje zokukhishwa kwegesi, kodwa igesi engcolile empeleni ayiphathwanga kahle ngokukhishwa kwegesi okuncishisiwe, futhi inani eliphelele lokungcola kwegesi okukhishwe umugqa omkhulu wokugqoka umzimba lingaba phezulu ngamathani angamakhulu, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu emoyeni.
Inkungu yokupenda ku-solvent ephilayo —— i-benzene, i-toluene, i-xylene iyi-solvent enamandla enobuthi, esebenza emoyeni eshabhu, abasebenzi ngemuva kokuphefumula umgudu wokuphefumula bangabangela ubuthi obuphuthumayo nobungapheli, ikakhulukazi babangela umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kanye ne-hematopoietic, ukuphefumula isikhathi esifushane ukuhlushwa okuphezulu (okungaphezu kuka-1500 mg/m3) komhwamuko we-benzene, kungabangela i-aplastic anemia, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwe-benzene okuvame ukuhogela nakho kungabangela ukuhlanza, izimpawu zezinzwa ezifana nokudideka.
※Ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha igesi engcolile yokupenda nokumboza nge-spray:
Ekukhetheni izindlela zokwelapha ngezinto eziphilayo, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokujwayelekile: uhlobo kanye nokuhlushwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezingcolisayo, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya kanye nezinga lokugeleza kokukhipha, okuqukethwe kwezinto ezincane, kanye nezinga lokulawula ukungcola okudingeka kufinyelelwe.
1Sukwelashwa ngopende othandazwayo ekushiseni kwegumbi
Igesi yokukhipha umoya evela egumbini lokupenda, igumbi lokomisa, igumbi lokuxuba upende kanye negumbi lokwelapha indle ye-topcoat yigesi yokukhipha umoya esezingeni lokushisa legumbi enokugcwala okuphansi nokugeleza okukhulu, futhi ukwakheka okuyinhloko kokungcola yi-aromatic hydrocarbons, utshwala kanye ne-ethers kanye ne-ester organic solvents. Ngokusho kwe-GB16297 “Comprehensive Emission Standard for Air Pollution”, ukugcwala kwale gesi yokulahla udoti ngokuvamile kungaphakathi komkhawulo wokukhishwa komoya. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesilinganiso sokukhishwa komoya kule nqubo, izimboni eziningi zezimoto zamukela indlela yokukhishwa komoya okuphakeme. Nakuba le ndlela ingahlangabezana nezindinganiso zamanje zokukhishwa komoya, kodwa igesi yokulahla udoti empeleni ikhishwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa, futhi inani eliphelele lokungcola kwegesi okukhishwe umugqa omkhulu wokugqoka umzimba lingaba phezulu ngamathani angamakhulu, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu emoyeni.
Ukuze kuncishiswe kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi yokukhipha umoya, izindlela eziningana zokwelapha igesi yokukhipha umoya zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ekwelapheni, kodwa izindleko zokwelapha igesi yokukhipha umoya enomthamo womoya ophezulu ziphezulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, indlela yakwamanye amazwe evuthiwe kakhulu ukuqala ngokugxila (ngesondo lokumunca-ukukhipha umoya ukuze kugxilwe inani eliphelele izikhathi ezingaba ngu-15), ukuze kuncishiswe inani eliphelele elizophathwa, bese kusetshenziswa indlela ebhubhisayo ukwelapha igesi yokulahla udoti egxilile. Kunezindlela ezifanayo eShayina, indlela yokuqala yokusebenzisa i-adsorption (i-activated carbon noma i-zeolite njenge-adsorbent) yokugxilisa okuphansi, ukumunca igesi yokulahla udoti eshisayo ekamelweni, ngokumunca igesi eshisayo ephezulu, igesi yokulahla udoti egxilile kusetshenziswa indlela yokushisa evuselelayo noma indlela yokushisa okuvuselelayo yokwelapha. Indlela yokwelapha igesi yokulahla udoti eshisayo ephansi, igesi yokulahla udoti eshisayo evamile iyathuthukiswa, ubuchwepheshe basekhaya kulesi sigaba samanje abuvuthiwe, kodwa kufanelekile ukunaka. Ukuze sinciphise ngempela ukungcoliswa komphakathi kwegesi engcolile yokumboza, sidinga futhi ukuxazulula inkinga evela emthonjeni, njengokusebenzisa izinkomishi ezijikelezayo ze-electrostatic kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezimbozo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbozo ezisekelwe emanzini kanye nezinye izimbozo zokuvikela imvelo.
2Dukwelashwa kwegesi elahliwe
Igesi engcolile yokomisa iyingxenye ephakathi nendawo ephezulu yegesi engcolile yokushisa okuphezulu, efanelekile ukwelashwa ngendlela yokushisa. Ukusabela kokushisa kunemingcele emithathu ebalulekile: isikhathi, izinga lokushisa, ukuphazamiseka, okungukuthi, ukusha kwezimo ze-3T. Ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwegesi engcolile empeleni kuyizinga elanele lokusabela kokushisa futhi kuncike ekulawulweni kwesimo se-3T kokusabela kokushisa. I-RTO ingalawula izinga lokushisa lokushisa (820~900℃) kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala (1.0~1.2s), futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okudingekayo (umoya nezinto eziphilayo kuxubene ngokugcwele), ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kufikela ku-99%, futhi izinga lokushisa lokungcola liphezulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kuphansi. Izimboni eziningi zezimoto zaseJapan eJapan naseShayina zivame ukusebenzisa i-RTO ukwelapha igesi ephumayo yokomisa (i-primer, i-medium coating, i-top coating drying). Isibonelo, umugqa wokumboza wemoto yabagibeli i-Dongfeng Nissan Huadu usebenzisa i-RTO ukwelashwa okuphakathi kokumiswa kokugcoba umphumela wegesi ephumayo muhle kakhulu, uhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zemithetho yokukhishwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye kuphela kwemishini yokwelapha igesi engcolile ye-RTO, ayibizi kakhulu ekuphatheni igesi engcolile enokuhamba okuncane kwegesi engcolile.
Ngomugqa wokukhiqiza oqediwe, lapho kudingeka imishini eyengeziwe yokwelapha igesi elahliwe, uhlelo lokushiswa kwe-catalytic kanye nohlelo lokushiswa kwe-thermal oluvuselelayo lungasetshenziswa. Uhlelo lokushiswa kwe-catalytic lunezimali ezincane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okushiswa okuphansi.
Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-/platinum njenge-catalyst kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa le-oxidizing iningi le-organic waste gas libe cishe ngu-315℃. Uhlelo lokushiswa kwe-Catalytic lungasetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwegesi yemfucuza yokomisa ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi efanelekela ukunikezwa kwamandla okomisa kusetshenziswa izikhathi zokushisa zikagesi, inkinga ekhona ukuthi ungakugwema kanjani ukwehluleka kobuthi be-catalyst. Kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abasebenzisi, ngegesi yemfucuza yokomisa upende ongaphezulu, ngokwandisa ukuhluzwa kwegesi yemfucuza nezinye izindlela, kungaqinisekisa ukuthi impilo ye-catalyst iyiminyaka emi-3 ~ 5; igesi yemfucuza yokomisa upende we-electrophoretic kulula ukuyibangela ubuthi be-catalyst, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwegesi yemfucuza yokomisa upende we-electrophoretic kufanele kuqashelwe kusetshenziswa ukushiswa kwe-catalytic. Enkambisweni yokwelashwa kwegesi yemfucuza nokuguqulwa komugqa wokumboza umzimba wezimoto zezentengiselwano ze-Dongfeng, igesi yemfucuza yokomisa i-electrophoretic primer iphathwa ngendlela ye-RTO, kanti igesi yemfucuza yokomisa upende ongaphezulu iphathwa ngendlela yokushiswa kwe-catalytic, futhi umphumela wokusetshenziswa muhle.
※Inqubo yokwelapha igesi engcolile yokumboza ngopende:
Uhlelo lokwelapha igesi engcolile yomkhakha wokufutha lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni igesi engcolile yokupenda igumbi, ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yefenisha efemini, ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yomkhakha wokukhiqiza imishini, ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yomkhakha wokuvikela irayili, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto kanye nokwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yopende yegumbi lokupenda le-4S shop. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha, njenge: indlela yokufinyeza, indlela yokumunca, indlela yokushisa, indlela yokuvuselela, indlela yokumunca, indlela yezinto eziphilayo kanye nendlela ye-ion.
1. Windlela yokufutha amanzi + ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kanye nokumuncwa kwayo + ukushisa okubangela ukusha
Ukusebenzisa umbhoshongo wokufutha ukususa inkungu yopende kanye nezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini, ngemva kokuhlunga okomile, kudivayisi yokudonsa i-activated carbon, njengokugcwala kwe-activated carbon, bese kususwa (indlela yokususa nge-steam stripping, ukushisa kukagesi, ukukhipha i-nitrogen), ngemva kokukhipha igesi (ukuhlushwa kwanda izikhathi eziningi) ngokususa ifeni kudivayisi yokushisa ye-catalytic, ukusha kube yi-carbon dioxide namanzi, ngemva kokukhipha.
2. Wi-ater spray + ukumuncwa kwe-carbon esebenzayo kanye nendlela yokumuncwa + indlela yokubuyisa ukuminyana
Ukusebenzisa umbhoshongo wokufutha ukususa inkungu yopende kanye nezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini, ngemva kwesihlungi esomile, kudivayisi yokudonsa i-activated carbon, njengokugcwala kwe-activated carbon, bese kususwa (indlela yokukhipha nge-steam stripping, ukushisa kukagesi, i-nitrogen stripping), ngemva kokucubungula ukujiya kwe-waste gas adsorption, kususwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile ngokujiya okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nevolumu yomoya ephansi. Kodwa le ndlela yokutshala imali, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, izindleko zokusebenza, igesi yokukhipha upende “i-benzene ezintathu” kanye nokunye ukujiya kwegesi yokukhipha ngokuvamile kuphansi kune-300 mg/m3, ukujiya okuphansi, ivolumu yomoya omkhulu (ivolumu yomoya yokukhiqiza upende wezimoto ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwe-100000), futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwe-solvent ye-organic coating exhaust yemoto, i-solvent yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha kunzima ukuyisebenzisa, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ukungcola kwesibili, ngakho-ke ukumboza ekwelashweni kwegesi engcolile ngokuvamile akusebenzisi le ndlela.
3. Windlela yokumuncwa kwegesi ye-aste
Ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile ngopende wokufutha kungahlukaniswa kube ukufuthwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokufuthwa ngokomzimba, kodwa umsebenzi wamakhemikhali wegesi engcolile “ezintathu ze-benzene” uphansi, ngokuvamile awusebenzisi ukufuthwa ngamakhemikhali. Uketshezi olufuthwa ngokomzimba lufuthwa kancane, futhi lufuthwa izingxenye ngokuqina okuphezulu kokushisa, ukupholisa kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha ukuhlaziya ukufuthwa komoya. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa umoya, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, kanye nokuhlushwa okuphansi. Ukufakwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kukhulu, ukukhetha uketshezi lokufuthwa kunzima kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokungcola.
4. Aukumuncwa kwekhabhoni okuvuselelwayo + imishini yokuxilisa nge-UV photocatalytic
(1): ngqo ngokusebenzisa i-activated carbon ukumuncwa okuqondile kwegesi yemvelo, ukuze kufezwe izinga lokuhlanzwa elingu-95%, imishini elula, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, ukusebenza okulula, kodwa kudingeka ukuthi kuvame ukufaka esikhundleni i-activated carbon, ukuhlushwa okuphansi kokungcola, akukho ukubuyiselwa. (2) Indlela yokumuncwa: igesi yemvelo ekumuncweni kwe-activated carbon, ukumuncwa komoya ogcwele i-activated carbon kanye nokuvuselelwa.
5.Aukumuncwa kwekhabhoni okuvuselelwayo + imishini ye-plasma ephansi lokushisa
Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-activated carbon adsorption kuqala, bese kuba ne-low temperature plasma equipment waste gas, kuzophathwa indinganiso yokukhishwa kwegesi, indlela ye-ion iwukusebenzisa i-plasma Plasma (ION plasma) destruction ye-organic waste gas, ukususa iphunga, ukubulala amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, ukuhlanza umoya ukuqhathanisa okwenziwa ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu emhlabeni wonke, ochwepheshe basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe babizwa ngokuthi omunye wemibhobho emine emikhulu yesayensi yezemvelo ekhulwini lama-21. Isihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe ngokusebenzisa i-high voltage pulse medium block destruction ngesimo senani elikhulu le-active ion oxygen (plasma), ukusebenza kwegesi, ukukhiqiza zonke izinhlobo zama-free radicals asebenzayo, njenge-OH, HO2, O, njll., i-benzene, i-toluene, i-xylene, i-ammonia, i-alkane kanye nezinye i-organic waste destruction, i-oxidation kanye nezinye izimpendulo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye ne-by-product non-toxic, gwema ukungcola kwesibili. Ubuchwepheshe bunezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu, isikhala esincane, ukusebenza okulula kanye nokugcinwa, futhi bufaneleka kakhulu ekwelapheni amagesi ahlukahlukene ezingxenyeni.
Bisifinyezo sobunzima:
Manje kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokwelapha emakethe, ukuze sihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokwelapha zikazwelonke nezasendaweni, ngokuvamile sizokhetha izindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe ukwelapha igesi engcolile, ukuze sikhethe ngokuhambisana nenqubo yabo yangempela yokwelapha yokwelapha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-28-2022
